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Consciencia y
Sistemas conscientes www.fgalindosoria.com/eac/consciencia/
www.fgalindosoria.com/eac/
Fernando
Galindo Soria
www.fgalindosoria.com fgalindo@ipn.mx |
libro Teoría y Práctica de los Sistemas Evolutivos
2.- Edición
Evolución y Sistemas Evolutivos, Sistemas Afectivos y
Sistemas conscientes
Evolución y Sistemas Evolutivos Sistemas Afectivos Sistemas conscientes Matrices
Evolutivas y Dinámica Dimensional
Creación de la página www
Tenayuca, Ciudad de México a 27
de Mayo del 2007
Últimas actualizaciones 9 de Diciembre del 2008, 9 de Julio del
2009, 6 de Febrero del 2017
ARTÍCULOS
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Sistemas conscientes página
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en Word documento
en pdf Diapositivas documento
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En estas notas se presenta una primera propuesta de construcción de “sistemas conscientes”, con el fin de mostrar un camino mínimo a partir del cual se puedan desarrollar sistemas mas completos, involucrando a psicólogos, neurólogos, informáticos, matemáticos, filósofos, etc., etc., aclarando que a pesar de que representa un proceso que empezó a principios de los 70, no se llega a presentar ni un “hola mundo” de los sistemas conscientes. Durante estos casi 40 años se han integran múltiples áreas de conocimiento incluyendo los Sistemas formales, Teorema de Gödel, Sistemas Evolutivos, Psicología, Neurología, Lingüística, consciencia, Las Enseñanzas de Don Juan, el ciclo de Regina de Don Antonio Velasco Piña, percepción; construcción de imágenes de la realidad; consciencia de si mismo, de los demás, del entorno; dialogo interno; el yo como espejo; percepción de la percepción; recursividad; lo cual junto con los trabajos de un grupo de investigación sobre el tema entre 1988 y 1993, impulsado por Cuitlahuac Cantú Rohlik, creador de los Sistemas conscientes, permitieron involucrar teoría de fractales; doble recursividad; espacios de múltiples dimensiones, etc. Combinando lo anterior con los conceptos sobre personalización del Dr. Jesús Olivares Ceja, se presenta una primera propuesta de construcción de ““sistemas conscientes de los demás””; ““sistemas conscientes de su entorno””, y ““sistemas conscientes de si mismos”” |
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Sistemas conscientes de su entorno Diapositivas documento en PowerPoint documento
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Escrito entre el 15 de Enero y el 7 de Febrero del 2017 |
sist_conscientes_entorno.pdf
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consciencia Artificial, consciencia Artificial, Artificial
Conscience Artificial consciousness, machine consciousness 9/10 de Junio del 2007
Número de resultados en Google de Artificial
consciousness 30,800 "machine
consciousness" 32,700 "conscious
computer" 13,200 “Machine
Thinks” 18,100 "Cognitive
Computing" 41,200 Personality
computing 1,280,000 Resultado de búsqueda en google 29/07/2009 "artificial
consciousness" 33400 "consciencia
artificial" 3630 "consciencia artificial" 35800 "Self-Identity",
awareness, “consciousness studies”, consciousness ******************************************************************* Consciousness http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness consciencia http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciencia Artificial
consciousness 30,800 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_consciousness "machine
consciousness" 32,700 http://www.machineconsciousness.org/overview.html “Machine
Thinks” 18,100 http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2003/08/60153 "Cognitive
Computing" 41,200 http://www.ai.sri.com/people_list/cognitive/ "machine
consciousness" 32,700 http://www.machineconsciousness.org/overview.html Can
Machines Be Conscious? Christof Koch and Giulio Tononi, IEEE Spectrum Vol. 45, No. 6, P. 55; First
Published June 2008 “Yes—and
a new Turing test might prove it” http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jun08/6278
Automates
Intelligents, juillet 2008 “Le terme de Cognition Artificielle, dit aussi de Conscience
artificielle, étend considérablement l'ancien concept de robotique. http://www.automatesintelligents.com/echanges/2008/jui/dossierca.html The Evolution of Consciousness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YBHv--LoD0&feature=related Quantum
Consciousness http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/ ******************************************************************* Nokia Workshop
of Machine Consciousness Helsinki,
Finland, August 21 - 22. 2008 http://research.nokia.com/node/704 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MACHINE CONSCIOUSNESS, Hong Kong
14th JUNE 2009 “You are
invited to participate in an International Workshop on Machine Consciousness,
to be held in Hong Kong on the 14th JUNE 2009. The
workshop is part of the Asia Consciousness Festival and will be co-located with the Toward
a Science of Consciousness conference (to be held 12th-14th JUNE 2009). Among the many
other excellent Asia Consciousness Festival events, workshop participants may
be particularly interested in the Cognitive
Informatics 2009
conference (to be held 15th~18th JUNE 2009).” http://novamente.net/machinecs/index.html ******************************************************************* The Singularity Is Near: When Humans
Transcend Biology by Ray Kurzweil, September 22, 2005 “ABOUT
THE BOOK The
Singularity is an era in which our intelligence will become increasingly
nonbiological and trillions of times more powerful than it is today—the
dawning of a new civilization that will enable us to transcend our biological
limitations and amplify our creativity.” The Singularity A Special
Report, IEEE Spectrum Vol. 45, No. 6 June 2008 http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/singularity ******************************************************************* Portal de Carlos H. von der Becke Textos sobre la consciencia según diferentes autores,
varios traducidos por CvdB del Dictionary of Consciousness on-line http://www.geocities.com/ohcop/11mas.html ******************************************************************* Samuel Butler
(novelist) (1835 - 1902) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Butler_%28novelist%29 Samuel Butler
(novelist) (1835 - 1902) “Butler was the
first to write about the possibility that machines might develop consciousness
by Darwinian Selection” (Wikipedia, August 1, 2008) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erewhon#The_Book_of_the_Machines Erewhon Chapter XXIII
The Book of the Machines http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButErew-ButErew-c23.html Erewhon http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButErew.html Darwin Among
the Machines http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButFir-t1-g1-t1-g1-t4-body.html ******************************************************************* Henry Stapp After receiving
his PhD in particle physics at the University of California, Berkeley, under
the supervision of Nobel Laureates Emilio Segrè and Owen Chamberlain, Stapp
moved to ETH Zurich to do post-doctoral work under Wolfgang Pauli. During
this period he composed an article called 'Mind, Matter and Quantum
Mechanics', which he never sent for publication, but would become the title
of his 1993 book… Some of
Stapp's work concerns the implications of quantum mechanics for
consciousness.” (Wikipedia, August 7, 2008) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stapp Henry Stapp “some of my
recent papers and communications in various versions: You can make a copy of
one of them by clicking on the desired-version file.” http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/stappfiles.html ************************************************************************* Quantum
Approaches to Consciousness Henry Stapp Cambridge
UP December 2006 http://sts.lbl.gov/~stapp/Cambridge.pdf Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness Department of Philosophy, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Published in the Journal of Consciousness Studies 2(3):200-19,
1995 (Linked August 9,
2008) http://consc.net/papers/facing.html Moving Forward
on the Problem of Consciousness Department of
Philosophy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Published in the Journal of Consciousness Studies 4(1):3-46. (Linked August 9, 2008) http://consc.net/papers/moving.html David
Chalmers I am a
philosopher at the Australian National University. Officially I am Professor
of Philosophy, Director of the Centre for Consciousness, and an ARC Federation Fellow. ******************************************************************* Heinz von Foerster (1911-2002) “En 1958, revisa los planteamientos de Wiener acerca de la cibernética y propone un nuevo enfoque, propio de los sistemas complejos, que define como la 'cibernética de segundo orden'” http://www.infoamerica.org/teoria/foerster1.htm http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Von_Foerster Vision y conocimiento: disfunciones de segundo orden Heinz von
Foerster http://docentes.uacj.mx/marroyo/txtnuevparad.htm “Heinz Von Foerster...En su libro “Visión y conocimiento: disfunciones de segundo orden”, plantea: Los conceptos de segundo orden como el aprender a aprender, las metateorías, conocer el conocer, explicar la explicación... El segundo orden es la necesidad de que exista otro orden más complejo para explicar el anterior.” Augusto Perez y Maricela Guzmán, Niklas Luhmann: sociología y riesgo FRACTAL Revista Trimestral, número 29 abril-junio 2003,
año VII, volumen VII Cibernética de segundo orden http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibern%C3%A9tica_de_segundo_orden FOERSTER, Heinz Von." Visión y Conocimiento: Las
Disfunciones de segundo orden". En: Schnitman/94, conceptos de segundo
orden (basado en Bateson) como el aprender a aprender, las metateorías,
conocer el conocer, explicar la explicación. El segundo orden es la necesidad de que exista otro orden más
complejo para explicar al anterior Tomado de http://www.colciencias.gov.co/redcom/mat-comp.html http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster ******************************************************************* Nota en el ACM
sobre "I, Computer" http://www.acm.org/technews/articles/2003-5/0723w.html#item16 "I,
Computer" New Scientist
(07/19/03) Vol. 179, No. 2404, P. 40; Aleksander, Igor http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/phil.html PRESS
RELEASE Sunday, August 24, 2003 University of Essex Ground-breaking
research to develop 'conscious' robot. Researchers
at the Universities of Essex and Bristol will soon be launching a
ground-breaking project to develop a 'conscious' robot. http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=12399 Machine Thinks, Therefore It Is By Michelle
Delio Aug. 27, 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,60153,00.html Will a
'conscious' machine ever be built? Scientists
at MIT debate whether machines will ever be capable of human intelligence By
Nancy Weil, IDG News Service InfoWorld
December 01, 2006 http://www.infoworld.com/article/06/12/01/HNconsciousmachine_1.html The Thinking
Machine By Evan Ratliff, WIRED Issue 15.03 - March 2007 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.03/hawkins.html ************************************************************************* Publisher: Imprint Academic, May 2007
Abstract “Never
one to dodge the big questions, Igor Aleksander tackles them head on in this latest
book: Is there a ?real world? or is our awareness of one an illusion? Are
animals conscious? Can machines be conscious? What is it to be unconscious?
Does the ?science of consciousness? impinge on religious thought? How is
consciousness affected by mental deterioration? The author is Professor
Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Imperial College, London. Well
established as a skilled and provocative communicator, he addresses both the
general reader and the consciousness specialist.” ******************************************************************* cognitive neurons and consciousness neuronas
cognitivas y consciencia An attempt to provide a model of
consciousness http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel3/4363/12476/00579781.pdf?temp=x Raúl Arrabales Moreno Research Interests Machine Consciousness (aka Artificial Consciousness, Synthetic
Consciousness) Campos de Investigación consciencia
Artificial (o consciencia artificial, consciencia sintética) http://www.caos.inf.uc3m.es/~raul/research.html consciencia y
Redes de Neuronas Raúl Arrabales Moreno Doctorado en Informática, Curso 2003 – 2004. Primer Cuatrimestre Trabajo de la asignatura computación neuronal http://www.conscious-robots.com/raul/files/Trabajo_CN-v6.pdf ******************************************************************* SSAISB
Home Page The
Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour AISB’05:
Social Intelligence and Interaction in Animals, Robots and Agents University
of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK 12 - 15
April 2005 Proceedings
of the Symposium on Next Generation Approaches to Machine Consciousness
Imagination, Development, Intersubjectivity and Embodiment http://www.aisb.org.uk/publications/proceedings/aisb05/7_MachConsc_Final.pdf ******************************************************************* Nuevos pasos hacia la construcción de máquinas conscientes Club de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica, Generado: 4 August, 2008, 02:55 www.concytec.gob.pe/clubciencias/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=782 Conscious-Robots http://www.conscious-robots.com/ Can Robots
Become Conscious? By KENNETH
CHANG, NYTimes, Unlike any
other scientific topics, consciousness — the first-person awareness of the
world around — is truly in the eye of the beholder. I know I am conscious.
But how do I know that you are?” Robot Brains: Circuits and Systems for Conscious
Machines Robot Brains: Circuits and Systems for
Conscious Machines, Pages: 224, November
2007 Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Abstract “Haikonen
envisions autonomous robots that perceive and understand the world directly,
acting in it in a natural human-like way without the need of programs and
numerical representation of information. By developing higher-level cognitive
functions through the power of artificial associative neuron architectures,
the author approaches the issues of machine consciousness. Robot Brains
expertly outlines a complete system approach to cognitive machines, offering
practical design guidelines for the creation of non-numeric autonomous
creative machines. It details topics such as component parts and realization
principles, so that different pieces may be implemented in hardware or
software. Real-world examples for designers and researchers are provided,
including circuit and systems examples that few books on this topic give. In
novel technical and practical detail, this book also considers: the
limitations and remedies of traditional neural associators in creating true
machine cognition; basic circuit assemblies cognitive neural architectures;
how motors can be interfaced with the associative neural system in order for
fluent motion to be achieved without numeric computations; memorization,
imagination, planning and reasoning in the machine; the concept of machine
emotions for motivation and value systems; an approach towards the use and
understanding of natural language in robots. The methods presented in this
book have important implications for computer vision, signal processing,
speech recognition and other information technology fields. Systematic and
thoroughly logical, it will appeal to practising engineers involved in the
development and design of robots and cognitive machines, also researchers in
Artificial Intelligence. Postgraduate students in computational neuroscience
and robotics, and neuromorphic engineers will find it an exciting source of
information.” Making Robots
Conscious of their Mental States John McCarthy 1995 July 24 to July 15, 2002 http://www.formal.stanford.edu/jmc/consciousness/consciousness.html A cognitive architecture for robot
self-consciousness Antonio Chella, Marcello Frixione, Salvatore Gaglio Arificial Intelligence in Medicine , Volume 44 Issue 2, October 2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Abstract “Objective:
One of the major topics towards robot consciousness is to give a robot the
capabilities of self-consciousness. We propose that robot self-consciousness
is based on higher order perception of the robot, in the sense that
first-order robot perception is the immediate perception of the outer world,
while higher order perception is the perception of the inner world of the
robot. Methods and material: We refer to a robot cognitive architecture that
has been developed during almost 10 years at the RoboticsLab of the
University of Palermo. The architecture is organized in three computational
areas. The subconceptual area is concerned with the low level processing of
perceptual data coming from the sensors. In the linguistic area,
representation and processing are based on a logic formalism. In the
conceptual area, the data coming from the subconceptual area are organized in
conceptual categories. Results: To model higher order perceptions in
self-reflective agents, we introduce the notion of second-order points in
conceptual space. Each point in this space corresponds to a self-reflective
agent, i.e., the robot itself, persons, and other robots with introspective
capabilities. Conclusions: The described model of robot self-consciousness,
although effective, highlights open problems from the point of view of the
computational requirements of the current state-of-art computer systems. Some
future works that lets the robot to summarize its own past experiences should
be investigated.” Los robots inteligentes tendrán tres niveles de
consciencia Sergio Moriello tendencias21, Domingo 01 Enero 2006 http://www.tendencias21.net/Los-robots-inteligentes-tendran-tres-niveles-de-consciencia_a832.html ************************************************************************* CERA (Conscious and Emotional Reasoning Architecture) Applying machine consciousness models in autonomous
situated agents Raúl Arrabales Moreno,
Araceli Sanchis de Miguel
Pattern Recognition Letters , Volume 29 Issue 8, June 2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Inc. Abstract “This
paper briefly describes the most relevant current approaches to the
implementation of scientific models of consciousness. Main aspects of
scientific theories of consciousness are characterized in sight of their
possible mapping into artificial implementations. These implementations are
analyzed both theoretically and functionally. Also, a novel pragmatic
functional approach to machine consciousness is proposed and discussed. A set
of axioms for the presence of consciousness in agents is applied to evaluate
and compare the various models.” ********************************* Nuevos pasos hacia la construcción de máquinas conscientes “Científicos de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) proponen un sistema integrado para experimentar y reproducir el fenómeno de la consciencia en sistemas artificiales.” UC3M, Comunidad de Madrid, 07.07.2008 http://www.plataformasinc.es/index.php/esl/Noticias/Nuevos-pasos-hacia-la-construccion-de-maquinas-conscientes ********************************* Modeling Consciousness for Autonomous Robot
Exploration
Raúl Arrabales Moreno,
Agapito Ledezma Espino,
Araceli Sanchis De Miguel
IWINAC '07: Proceedings of the 2nd international work-conference on The Interplay
Between Natural and Artificial Computation, Part I: Bio-inspired Modeling of
Cognitive Tasks, June 2007 Publisher: Springer-Verlag Abstract “This
work aims to describe the application of a novel machine consciousness model
to a particular problem of unknown environment exploration. This relatively
simple problem is analyzed from the point of view of the possible benefits
that cognitive capabilities like attention, environment awareness and
emotional learning can offer. The model we have developed integrates these
concepts into a situated agent control framework, whose first version is
being tested in an advanced robotics simulator. The implementation of the
relationships and synergies between the different cognitive functionalities
of consciousness in the domain of autonomous robotics is also discussed.” ******************************************************************* The fractal nature of consciousness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6gGxiFL8qA&feature=related Integrated consciousness is a mathematical fractal of infinite
dimensional space-time http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/20857.asp ************************************************************************* The creation of digital consciousness SIGART Bulletin , Issue 109, July
1989 Publisher: ACM Abstract “It is possible with the existing computer technology to construct a machine
that would be accepted as a fully intelligent and conscious entity. ” Full text available: Pdf ACM (519.92
KB) ************************************************************************* Concepts of cognition and consciousness: four voices SIGDOC Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation , Volume 22 Issue 1, February 1998 Publisher: ACM Abstract “This paper considers theories of cognition and consciousness in four
traditions: neuroscience, cognitive science, activity theory and the
distributed cognition approach. It is most concerned with social theories of
consciousness---activity theory and distributed cognition---but briefly
considers biological and computational models as a foil or backdrop against
which the social theories stand out more clearly.” Full text available: Pdf ACM (1.83
MB) ************************************************************************* Book reivew: Consciousness Reconsidered by Owen
Flanagan (The MIT Press. 1992) SIGART Bulletin , Volume 4 Issue 3, July
1993 Publisher: ACM Abstract “Design and
manufacturing play a crucial role in the wealth creation of nations and their
use of computer technology forms an important element in the process. Much
has been written on the application of AI to design and manufacturing
[1,2,3,5,7] in which AI has been touted to be able to increase the
effectiveness and sophistication of computer applications in these areas.” Full text available: Pdf ACM (603.47
KB) ************************************************************************* On the Evolution of Artificial Consciousness ECAL '01: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Advances in Artificial
Life, September 2001 Publisher: Springer-Verlag ************************************************************************* A Quantum Theory of Consciousness Minds and Machines , Volume 18 Issue 1, Pages: 39 - 52 , March 2008 Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Abstract “The
relationship between quantum collapse and consciousness is reconsidered under
the assumption that quantum collapse is an objective dynamical process. We
argue that the conscious observer can have a distinct role from the physical
measuring device during the process of quantum collapse owing to the
intrinsic nature of consciousness; the conscious observer can know whether he
is in a definite state or a quantum superposition of definite states, while
the physical measuring device cannot "know". As a result, the
consciousness observer can distinguish the definite states and their quantum
superposition, while the physical measuring device without consciousness
cannot do. This provides a possible quantum physical method to distinguish
man and machine. The new result also implies that consciousness has causal
efficacies in the physical world when considering the existence of quantum
collapse. Accordingly consciousness is not reducible or emergent, but a new
fundamental property of matter. This may establish a quantum basis for
panpsychism, and make it be a promising solution to the hard problem of
consciousness. Furthermore, it is suggested that a unified theory of matter
and consciousness includes two parts: one is the psychophysical principle or
corresponding principle between conscious content and matter state, and the
other is the complete quantum evolution of matter state, which includes the
definite nonlinear evolution element introduced by consciousness and relating
to conscious content. Lastly, some experimental schemes are presented to test
the proposed quantum theory of consciousness.” ************************************************************************* Self-consciousness for artificial entities using
modular neural networks Milton Martinez Luaces,
Celina Gayoso Rocha,
Juan Pazos Sierra, Alfonso Rodriguez Patón
NN'08: Proceedings
of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Neural Networks, May 2008 Publisher: World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS) Abstract “One of
the most puzzling cognitive features is self-consciousness. A considerable
amount of research has been conducted on this question in different fields
like Psychology, Neurobiology and Cognitive Science. Self-consciousness
implies not only self or group recognition, but also real knowledge of one's
own identity. In this paper, a cognitive architecture of self-consciousness
for autonomous artificial entities (holons) is proposed. This cognitive
architecture includes: abstraction, self-representation, other individuals'
representation, and action modules. It also includes a learning process of
self-representation by direct (self-experience based) and observational learning
(based on the observation of other individuals). For model implementation a
new approach is taken using Modular Artificial Neural Networks (MANN) due to
their biological inspiration, modularity and adaptability. We explain the
cognitive architecture that enables dynamic self-representation. For model
testing a multi-holon virtual environment was implemented. We analyse the
effect of holon interaction, focusing on the evolution of the holon's
abstract self-representation. Finally, the results are explained and analysed
and conclusions drawn.” ************************************************************************* 2007 Special Issue: Principles for consciousness in
integrated cognitive control Ricardo Sanz, Ignacio López, Manuel Rodríguez, Carlos Hernández Neural Networks , Volume 20 Issue 9, November 2007 Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd. Abstract “In this
paper we will argue that given certain conditions for the evolution of
biological controllers, they will necessarily evolve in the direction of
incorporating consciousness capabilities. We will also see what are the
necessary mechanics for the provision of these capabilities and extrapolate this
vision to the world of artificial systems.” PDF http://cogprints.org/5941/1/ASLAB-A-2007-011.pdf ************************************************************************* Artificial consciousness: A discipline between
technological and theoretical obstacles Riccardo Manzotti, Vincenzo Tagliasco Arificial Intelligence in Medicine , Volume 44 Issue 2, October
2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Abstract “Artificial
consciousness is still far from being an established discipline. We will try
to outline some theoretical assumption that could help in dealing with
phenomenal consciousness. What are the technological and theoretical
obstacles that face the enthusiast scholars of artificial consciousness?
After presenting an outline of the state of artificial consciousness, we will
focus on the relevance of phenomenal consciousness. Artificial consciousness
needs to tackle the issue of phenomenal consciousness in a physical world. Up
to now, the only models that give some hope of succeeding are the various
kinds of externalism.” ********************************** Guest editorial: Artificial consciousness:
Theoretical and practical issues Giorgio Buttazzo, Riccardo Manzotti Arificial Intelligence in Medicine , Volume 44 Issue 2, October 2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. ********************************** Artificial consciousness: Hazardous questions (and
answers) Arificial Intelligence in Medicine , Volume 44 Issue 2, October 2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Abstract “If human
consciousness is the result of complex neural electro-chemical interactions
occurring in the brain, the question of whether a machine can ever become
self-aware could be a matter of time: the time necessary to fully understand
the functional behavior of the brain structure, develop a mathematical model
of it, and implement an artificial system capable of working according to
such a model. This paper addresses several issues related to the possibility
of developing a conscious artificial brain. A number of hazardous questions
are posed to the reader, each addressing a specific technical or philosophical
issue, which is discussed and developed in a form of a hazardous answer.” ************************************************************************* Owen Holland Machine
Consciousness “I have been
working with colleagues at other universities to establish the investigation
of machine consciousness as a valid scientific enterprise,…” http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/owen/index.htm
- Machine Consciousness http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/owen/index.htm From the Imitation of Life to Machine Consciousness ER '01: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Evolutionary Robotics
From Intelligent Robotics to Artificial Life, October
2001 Publisher: Springer-Verlag ************************************************************************* Philosophical foundations of artificial
consciousness Arificial Intelligence in Medicine , Volume 44 Issue 2, October 2008 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Abstract “Objective:
Consciousness is often thought to be that aspect of mind that is least
amenable to being understood or replicated by artificial intelligence (AI).
The first-personal, subjective, what-it-is-like-to-be-something nature of
consciousness is thought to be untouchable by the computations, algorithms,
processing and functions of AI method. Since AI is the most promising avenue
toward artificial consciousness (AC), the conclusion many draw is that AC is
even more doomed than AI supposedly is. The objective of this paper is to
evaluate the soundness of this inference. Methods: The results are achieved
by means of conceptual analysis and argumentation. Results and conclusions:
It is shown that pessimism concerning the theoretical possibility of
artificial consciousness is unfounded, based as it is on misunderstandings of
AI, and a lack of awareness of the possible roles AI might play in accounting
for or reproducing consciousness. This is done by making some foundational
distinctions relevant to AC, and using them to show that some common reasons
given for AC scepticism do not touch some of the (usually neglected)
possibilities for AC, such as prosthetic, discriminative, practically
necessary, and lagom (necessary-but-not-sufficient) AC. Along the way three
strands of the author's work in AC -interactive empiricism, synthetic
phenomenology, and ontologically conservative heterophenomenology - are used
to illustrate and motivate the distinctions and the defences of AC they make
possible.” ************************************************************************* Implications of resource limitations for a conscious
machine L. Andrew Coward, Tamas O. Gedeon Neurocomputing , Volume 72 Issue 4-6, January 2009 Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. Abstract “A
machine with human-like consciousness would be an extremely complex system.
Prior work has demonstrated that the way in which information handling
resources are organized (the resource architecture) in an extremely complex
learning system is constrained within some specific bounds if the available
resources are limited, and that there is evidence that the human brain has
been constrained in this way. An architectural concept is developed for a
conscious machine that is within the architectural bounds imposed by resource
limitations. This architectural concept includes a resource driven
architecture, a description of how conscious phenomena would be supported by
information processes within that architecture, and a description of actual
implementations of the key information processes. Other approaches to
designing a conscious machine are reviewed. The conclusion is reached that
although they could be capable of supporting human consciousness-like
phenomena, they do not take into account the architectural bounds imposed by
resource limitations. Systems implemented using these approaches to learn a
full range of cognitive features including human-like consciousness would
therefore require more information handling resources, could have difficulty
learning without severe interference with prior learning, and could require
add-on subsystems to support some conscious phenomena that emerge naturally
as consequences of a resource driven architecture.” PDF http://cs.anu.edu.au/~Andrew.Coward/ImpliResConc.pdf ************************************************************************* Gödel Machines:
Towards a Technical Justification of Consciousness Jürgen
Schmidhuber IDSIA,
Galleria 2, 6928 Manno (Lugano), Switzerland & TU Munich, Boltzmannstr.
3, 85748 Garching, München, Germany http://www.idsia.ch/˜juergen Abstract. “The growing
literature on consciousness does not provide a formal demonstration of the
usefulness of consciousness. Here we point out that the recently formulated
Gödel machines may provide just such a technical justification. They are the
first mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential,
self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers, “conscious” or
“self-aware” in the sense that their entire behavior is open to
introspection, and modifiable. A Gödel
machine is a computer that rewrites any part of its own initial code as soon
as it finds a proof that the rewrite is useful, where the problem-dependent
utility function, the hardware, and the entire initial code are described by
axioms encoded in an initial asymptotically optimal proof searcher which is
also part of the initial code. This type of total self-reference is precisely
the reason for the Gödel machine’s optimality as a general problem solver:
any self-rewrite is globally optimal—no local maxima!—since the code first
had to prove that it is not useful to continue the proof search for
alternative self-rewrites” PDF ftp://ftp.idsia.ch/pub/juergen/gmconscious.pdf ************************************************************************* The Mathematic Model of Consciousness AMS '08: Proceedings of the 2008 Second
Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) - Volume 00 , Volume 00, May
2008 Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Abstract “The thought
referring homomorphism of a group to the model of transformation from
physical structures to the psychological originated from Jean Piaget. How
ever, Jean Piaget has not given a mathematic expression by which the
psychological phenomena can be represented, and he has not taking the model
as the common model of consciousness. In the paper, the homomorphic model of
consciousness is given in a mathematic expression, by which the some
important questions relevant to the consciousness are formalized and the
answer can be acquired, the questions (with the followed answer solved by the
homomorphic model of consciousness) are Chinese room argument, Turing machine
question, Turing Test question, and about if animals have consciousness, in
what the meaning of utilizing and making tools lies, if DNA and protein
system have consciousness. And finally the paper concludes that consciousness
exists when : (1) the units of system certainly map the entities outside the
system; (2) the system operate by some rules; and (3) the rules certainly map
some laws or relations in the entities. The essence of consciousness is
certain correspondence between substance with some rules or laws.” ************************************************************************* How to Build a Conscious Machine How to Build a Conscious Machine, January 1989 Publisher: Westview Press, Inc. Pages: 131, Medium: Hardcover
************************************************************************* AI & Society , Volume 6 Issue 1, January 1992 Publisher: Springer-Verlag ************************************************************************* “Generic
Artificial Consciousness. GAC is the world's first computer program to
attempt to learn from the world wide community how to be artificially
conscious.” http://www.jrwhipple.com/findit/artifical_intel.html The Mindpixel Digital Mind Modeling C (pronounced
“Jack,” for Generic Artificial Consciousness) is being given a Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) evaluation, to see if input from
thousands of contributors has made progress toward a collective individual.
Robert Epstein will supervise the test. ************************************************************************* Artificial Consciousness: Utopia or Real
Possibility? Computer , Volume 34 Issue 7, July 2001 Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Abstract “Given
the current pace of advances in artificial intelligence and neural computing,
the possibility of building smart machines that could compete with human
intelligence now seems more likely than ever. Many researchers believe that
artificial consciousness is possible and that, in the future, it will emerge
in complex computing machines. The strongest motivation for constructing a
self-aware machine is the innate human desire to discover new horizons and
enlarge science's frontiers. Further, developing an artificial brain based on
biological brain principles would open the door to immortality. Freed from a
fragile and degradable body, a being with synthetic organs, including an
artificial brain, could represent humanity's next evolutionary step. Such a
new species could quickly colonize the universe, search for alien
civilizations, survive to the death of the solar system, control the energy
of black holes, and move at the speed of light by transmitting to other
planets the information necessary for replication. As has proven the case
with all important human discoveries, the real problem will be keeping
technology under control. Should self-aware computers become possible, we
must ensure that we use them for human progress and not for catastrophic aims.” ************************************************************************* HyperAudio: location-awareness + adaptivity Daniela Petrelli, Elena Not, Marcello Sarini, Oliviero Stock, Carlo Strapparava, Massimo Zancanaro CHI '99: CHI '99 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, May 1999 Publisher: ACM Abstract “The
HyperAudio system aims at better supporting a user while visiting a museum by
combining location awareness and information adaptation. This mixing of
information delivery and physical space proposes new challenges for an
effective human-computer-environment interaction. The HyperAudio solution
interprets the visitor's behavior (i.e. physical and interactive) to create
on the fly object presentations on the basis of the user model, the physical
context and the history of interaction.” PDF http://reference.kfupm.edu.sa/content/h/y/hyperaudio__location_awareness___adaptiv_2601727.pdf ************************************************************************* Recent Research
Tackles The Complexity Of Self-awareness Medical News
Today, Article Date: 01 Apr 2009 - 4:00 PDT “Research developed at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid's School of
Computing has applied modular neural networks to model cognitive functions
associated with awareness and time-delay neural networks to temporally model
self-awareness. The research, developed by Milton Martínez Luaces, was
directed by the School of Computing professor Alfonso Rodríguez-Patón.” http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/144460.php ******************************************************************* |
